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This article describes 1-year outcomes of a new intra-ocular implant, “Glauco-Claw,” in refractory chronic angle-closure glaucoma (ACG). Glauco-Claw is a novice polymethylmethacrylate implant with a central ring and five claws placed circumferentially. It was placed in the anterior chamber and the peripheral iris was tucked into the claws, thus causing goniosynechialysis and preventing the reformation of goniosynechiae. It was implanted in five eyes of five patients, and they were followed up for 1 year. Target intra-ocular pressure was achieved and maintained in all the patients till the last follow-up. Two patients did not require any anti-glaucoma medication. No significant complications were observed in any patient. Glauco-Claw could be another armamentarium in the management of refractory chronic ACG.
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Ong speculum is used in glaucoma surgeries such as trabeculectomy to expose the superior part of the globe. The large inferior blade pushes the inferior conjunctival fornix, due to which the eyeball rotates downwards. It has not been used in other anterior segment surgeries before. We used this speculum in simple limbal epithelial transplantation (SLET) and pterygium surgery to expose superior bulbar conjunctiva for harvesting limbal and conjunctival grafts, respectively. As the superior conjunctiva and sclera become exposed, it facilitates the steps of harvesting limbal biopsy and conjunctival graft in SLET and pterygium surgery. This eliminated the need for a superior rectus suture or an assistant who would keep the globe rotated downwards. Its position could also be maneuvered to adjust the site of exposure when dissecting the area of pannus in SLET. Thus, it makes the superior conjunctiva more accessible.
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This article reports a novel surgical technique of partial-thickness compression sutures without descemetopexy with air or gas for the management of acute hydrops in keratoconus. Two patients presented with localized corneal edema with a Descemet membrane (DM) tear in the left eye. Tomography of the right eye revealed localized steepening with increased maximum keratometry and decreased central pachymetry. They were diagnosed with keratoconus in the right eye and acute corneal hydrops (ACH) in the left eye. Compression sutures were passed through the stroma without touching the DM. The anterior chamber was not entered at all at any point during the surgery. Resolution of edema was noted intraoperatively itself. Further resolution of edema was noted from the first postoperative day which markedly reduced within the first week. A corneal scar with no edema was seen at six weeks. In both the patients, vision at presentation was counting fingers close to face which improved to 20/60 and 20/50, respectively, at the last visit.
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Background: The objective of this study was to study the acceptance rate, safety, demographic profile and complication of post placental intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD).Methods: Study was prospective, interventional study, held in department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at authors tertiary care centre. Number of participants was 280. Counselling about family planning was done in antenatal OPD and indoor ward. Total duration of study was 18 months. Selection of participants done based on selection criteria. Participants who accepted postplacental intrauterine contraceptive device as method of contraception followed up to 6 weeks postnatal for complication related to PPIUCD.Results: Authors noted that acceptance rate of PPIUCD was 13.6% and main reason for acceptance was its long acting reversible nature and main reason for denial was ‘do not want contraception immediately’. In present study there was statistically significant association between parity and birth order. However, literacy, urban locality and employment had positive influence over acceptance. If good technique of insertion will be used than expulsion rate will also reduce as seen in present study i.e. expulsion rate only 2.6 %.Conclusions: Post placental intrauterine contraceptive device is one of the best long acting reversible contraceptive methods. It does not affect breast milk production. Woman does not need extra visit to clinic for contraception and she is ensured that she has adequate contraception before getting discharge from hospital. PPIUCD provide adequate birth spacing between two children which reduces maternal and child morbidity.
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Nanodiamonds are novel nanosized carbon building blocks possessing varied fascinating mechanical, chemical, optical and biological properties, making them significant active moiety carriers for biomedical application. These are known as the most'captivating' crystals attributed to their chemical inertness and unique properties posing them useful for variety of applications in biomedical era. Alongside, it becomes increasingly important to find, ascertain and circumvent the negative aspects associated with nano-diamonds. Surface modification or functionalization with biological molecules plays a significant role in managing the toxic behavior since nanodiamonds have tailorable surface chemistry. To take advantage of nanodiamond potential in drug delivery, focus has to be laid on its purity, surface chemistry and other considerations which may directly or indirectly affect drug adsorption on nanodiamond and drug release in biological environment. This review emphasizes on the basic properties, synthesis techniques, surface modification techniques, toxicity issues and biomedical applications of nanodiamonds. For the devel-opment of nanodiamonds as an effective dosage form, researchers are still engaged in the in-depth study of nanodiamonds and their effect on life interfaces.
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Background: This study was undertaken to consider the successful use of biodegradable osteosynthetic graft material polylactic- polyglycolic acid sponge as biodegradable root replicas which is placed as immediate implants in extraction socket to preserve the dimensions of alveolar process. Methods:A split mouth study was conducted on 20 patients who were selecte for orthodontic extraction of 1st and 2nd premolar teeth in the outpatient department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peoples College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal from 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2010. One socket in each patient was randomly selected as test site (T) in which polylactic-polyglycolic acid sponge (Alvelac®) was inserted and the contralateral socket was taken as control site (C), which was allowed to heal naturally. Results: The test and control sites were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively. Measurements recorded with regards to clinical (bucco-palatal width and height of the alveolus) and radiologically (mesio-buccal, mid buccal, disto-buccal). Clinical and radiological measurements shows there is a statistically significant decrease in bucco-palatal width and height of the alveolus on the control site as compared to that of the test site. Analysis of CT SCAN shows greater bone density on test site. Conclusion: The use of PLGA scaffolds (Alvelac®) significantly reduces the bone resorption both in height and width of the extracted socket. The quality of bone preserved when PLGA scaffolds is used, is of good quality to retain implants.
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Background: Post-operative analgesia has been considered very important for patient in terms of early mobilization and prevention of complications. Opioid analgesics have long been recognized as among the most effective treatments for pain. Opioids like fentanyl and sufentanil have been successfully used for post-operative analgesia by epidural route. Aims & Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Sufentanil and Fentanyl for post-operative analgesia following thoracic and upper abdominal surgeries through epidural route. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective randomized parallel group study of 60 patients. They were divided into two groups randomly, F and SF. They were given fentanyl and sufentanil by epidural route for post-operative pain relief following upper abdominal and Thoracic surgery. Pain was assessed through Visual analogue scale. Pain Relief assessment, Pulse rate, BP, Respiratory rate, SPO2, Sedation Score and complication if any were assessed after administration of drug at 0,2,5,10,30,60,,120, 240 and 300 minutes. Result obtained were statistically analysed using students unpaired t test after calculating mean and standard deviation. Results: Patients in both group were comparable in terms of demography with male predominance, ASA grade and type of surgery performed. Onset of pain relief was 7.22 ± 1.82 minutes with fentanyl while 3.40±0.90 with sufentanil. Peak analgesic effect was achieved at 20.36 ± 3.44 minutes with fentanyl while it was quicker with sufentanil (9.3±2.4). Duration of analgesia was higher in sufentanil group (254.1 ± 53.80) in comparison to fentanyl (185.2 ± 43.33). Conclusion: Sufentanil via epidural route provides early onset, peak effect and longer duration of effective analgesia in comparison to Fentanyl. Use of either drug via epidural route provide safety and better stabilization as far as the hemodynamic and respiratory parameters were concerned. But, Patients with sufentanil remained sedated for longer duration than fentanyl.
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Aim: The aim of the present study is to assess the prevalence of Kennedy's classification, status of existing prosthodontic appliances if any, awareness of the subjects regarding various treatment options, and treatment needs in a group of elderly institutionalized residents. Materials and Methods: The subjects were selected from various old age homes present in Mangalore city, with ages ranging from 60 to 80 years. The subjects were interviewed and examined by a single trained examiner and findings were recorded on a clinical case history report sheet. Results: Kennedy's class I was most prevalent and class IV the least. Among the subjects examined, only 12.4% were wearing prosthesis. Based on the Nevalainen's index and Karslon's index, most of the prosthodontic appliances were found to be in poor condition. 86% of the subjects were in need of prosthodontic treatment. 75% of the subjects interviewed were unaware of the treatment options available. Conclusion: The elderly patients living in institutions do not achieve a deserving and satisfactory oral health care. The oral care assistance in institutionalized elderly patients has been an unfulfilled service.
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The present investigation is aiming at studying the effect of oral administration of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA) drug on female albino rat, Rattus rattus norvegicus. The female rats (n=24) were allocated into 2 groups as control and treated. The treated rats (n=12) were given orally with high dose of aspirin at a dose of 100 mg/ kg body weight for 15 days (n=6) and 30 days (n=6). And body weight, relative organ weights, hematological parameters such as Hb %, total count RBC and total count WBC; and biochemical estimations in blood serum such as glucose, protein, cholesterol and calcium were measured. The aspirin did not showed much significant variations in the body weight, relative organ weights, serum protein, serum cholesterol, serum calcium, total counts RBC and Hb %; while, aspirin declined serum glucose level and elevated total count of WBC. The present investigation indicated that the aspirin impairs serum glucose level and total count of WBC by modulating of certain enzymes metabolism in albino rats.